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Click here to see the full version of our movie TRAJECTORY...
Volcanic materials (sometimes called "Natural Pozzolans") have been used as a cement material ever since Roman times
In a low energy, two step mechanical process, supplemental cementitious materials, e.g. fly ash/volcanic ash, steel slag, or combinations thereof, are processed in specially-configured rotating and vibrating ball mills where:
NOTE: The first step is about particle size, the second step is about mechanical surface activation, thus these are two completely different forms of processing.
The result is significantly increased amorphization and thus chemical reactivity of the powder particles. Over 70% Portland cement (OPC) replacement is achieved.
The use of natural pozzolans as an alternative to cement in U.S. critical infrastructure is beyond doubt. The difference is replacement rates have typically been no more than 20% (PDF here). And unlike the Romans, modern builders do not have the months required for natural pozzolanic cement to set.
But for EMC Volcanics at 70% replacement? No problem! Time-pressure and modern methods such as slip-forming require modern concrete mixes to develop high strength in days, not months. EMC Volcanics can meet that need even at 70% replacement!
And always with full normative compliance (see diagram below)
Workmen casting concrete made from Energetically Modified Cement
EMC Volcanics are Market-Compliant:
Norm compliance is a vast subject, so here we've simplified it into its 3 key-aspects: (1) Constituents; (2) Performance; and (3) Durability. EMC Volcanics meet all applicable EU and US normative regimes, to allow fast-track effortless selection into various concrete-application codes such as Eurocode 2.
Please see our 'Results' page for a Eurocode 2 excerpt (Table XS3, 'demanding marine environments').
How Volcanics have been used to build America:
This highly visual presentation charts the use of volcanics in the United States (PDF here)...
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